{"id":101,"date":"2022-03-17T16:11:04","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T16:11:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/?p=101"},"modified":"2022-03-17T16:11:04","modified_gmt":"2022-03-17T16:11:04","slug":"dane-a-smrt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/?p=101","title":{"rendered":"Dan\u011b a smrt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f obc\u00ed je p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0vybran\u00fdch dan\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o tzv. Rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed dan\u00ed (<strong>RUD<\/strong>), stanoven\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2000-243\">z\u00e1konem<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfcr.cz\/cs\/legislativa\/legislativni-dokumenty\/2021\/vyhlaska-c-313-2021-sb-42891\">vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;\u010cR m\u00e1me hromadu dan\u00ed, ale jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 pln\u00ed rozpo\u010dty obc\u00ed. St\u00e1t vyb\u00edr\u00e1 dan\u011b. Z&nbsp;t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se d\u00e1l rozd\u011bluj\u00ed na obce a kraje to bylo celkem 230 miliard K\u010d v&nbsp;r. 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obc\u00edm z\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch dan\u00ed jde 25,84 %, dal\u0161\u00edch 9,78 % jde kraji a zbytek, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2\/3 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pro hospoda\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1tu jako p\u0159\u00edjem st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu. Takov\u00fd pod\u00edl maj\u00ed obce na vybran\u00e9 DPH, dani z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmu fyzick\u00fdch \u010di pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob. Pouze jedin\u00e1 da\u0148 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 cel\u00e1 obci a to je da\u0148 z\u00a0nemovitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/RUD-1024x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/RUD-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/RUD-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/RUD-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/RUD.jpg 1203w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Kolik % z dan\u00ed jde komu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Kolik dostane Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u00e1t vybere pen\u00edze z\u00a0dan\u00ed a 25,84 % m\u00e1 poslat obc\u00edm, sch\u00e9ma Ministerstva financ\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.financnisprava.cz\/assets\/cs\/prilohy\/d-kraje-a-obce\/Schema_rozpoctoveho_urceni_dani_2022.pdf\">zde<\/a>. Kolik z\u00a0bal\u00edku pro obce p\u0159ipadne na Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161? Rozhoduj\u00ed 4 krit\u00e9ria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Po\u010det obyvatel (v\u00e1ha 10 %)<\/li><li>Po\u010det \u017e\u00e1k\u016f \u0161kol (v\u00e1ha 9 %)<\/li><li>Velikost katastru obce (v\u00e1ha 3 %)<\/li><li>P\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vac\u00ed koeficient ve prosp\u011bch Prahy, Brna, Ostravy a Plzn\u011b (v\u00e1ha 78 %)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed t\u0159i se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed v\u017edy tak, \u017ee se vezme pom\u011br po\u010dtu obyvatel obce ke v\u0161em obyvatel\u016fm \u010cR, nebo&nbsp; rozloha obce k&nbsp;rozloze cel\u00e9 \u010cR, nebo po\u010det \u017e\u00e1k\u016f obce k&nbsp;po\u010dtu v\u0161ech \u017e\u00e1k\u016f v&nbsp;\u010cR. Za rozhodn\u00fd stav po\u010dtu obyvatel a rozlohy se bere datum 1.1. b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho roku, pro \u017e\u00e1ky se bere 30.9. p\u0159edchoz\u00edho roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta p\u0159\u00edmo vyjmenovan\u00e1 v&nbsp;z\u00e1kon\u011b (Praha, Ostrava, Plze\u0148 a je\u0161t\u011b jedno\u2026) maj\u00ed ale speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, tak\u017ee ta si z&nbsp;kol\u00e1\u010de dan\u00ed ukousnou v\u017edy nejv\u00edc. Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161 tak m\u00e1 na jednoho obyvatele p\u0159\u00edjem z RUD cca 15000 K\u010d\/rok, ale Praha 47500 K\u010d, Brno 28600 K\u010d. Kolik jak\u00e9 dan\u011b p\u0159ipadne jak\u00e9 obci v r. 2022 ukazuje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.informaceoobcich.cz\/kalkulacka-rud\/\">online kalkula\u010dka<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161 tato kalkula\u010dka zalo\u017een\u00e1 na datech z\u00a0podzimu 2021 ukazuje celkem p\u0159\u00edjem 141 mil K\u010d. Schv\u00e1len\u00fd rozpo\u010det m\u011bsta na tento rok po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0da\u0148ov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy ve v\u00fd\u0161i 155 mil K\u010d, kde v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu tvo\u0159\u00ed DPH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prijmy-z-dani-1024x366.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prijmy-z-dani-1024x366.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prijmy-z-dani-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prijmy-z-dani-768x275.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prijmy-z-dani.jpg 1267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>P\u0159\u00edjmy RUD m\u011bsta Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017eem se dlouze p\u0159\u00edt, jak je syst\u00e9m spravedliv\u00fd. Nebo srovn\u00e1vat, jak je to v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed (s Rakouskem <a href=\"https:\/\/dk.upce.cz\/bitstream\/handle\/10195\/53718\/ReznicekJ_KomparaceRozpoctoveho_PKS_2013.pdf;jsessionid=0257CFFA7CB5BF57AF85B31A481C9743?sequence=2\">zde<\/a>, s\u00a0Franci\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/is.muni.cz\/th\/mhiw9\/Diplomova_prace_Rozpoctove_urceni_dani_obcim_-_srovnani_ceskeho_a_francouzskeho_pristupu_Martin_Gorcak.pdf\">zde<\/a>). Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla \u201e25,84\u201c plat\u00ed od ledna 2021, p\u0159ed t\u00edm to bylo 23,58.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>J\u00e1 tu \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b plat\u00edm dan\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk se ob\u010das setk\u00e1 s\u00a0arogantn\u00edm \u201epodnikatelem\u201c, kter\u00fd svou nespokojenost s\u00a0\u010dinnost\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu komentuje slovy: <em>J\u00e1 tu plat\u00edm dan\u011b. J\u00e1 si v\u00e1s plat\u00edm!<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaprv\u00e9, platit dan\u011b je z\u00e1konn\u00e1 povinnost a v\u00a0civilizovan\u00e9m sv\u011bte je to norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. V\u0161em poctiv\u00fdm pl\u00e1tc\u016fm pos\u00edl\u00e1m p\u00edsni\u010dku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Tax Song - Puppet Short\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ea-Xvfrg3VM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, u\u017e d\u00e1vno neplat\u00ed, \u017ee dan\u011b vybran\u00e9 na \u00fazem\u00ed obce z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed obci. Jedinou takovou v\u00fdjimkou je da\u0148 z\u00a0nemovitost\u00ed. V\u0161e ostatn\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtem a na obec jdou pen\u00edze podle vzorc\u016f RUD. Tak\u017ee ano, ka\u017ed\u00fd pl\u00e1tce m\u016f\u017ee o ka\u017ed\u00e9m st\u00e1tn\u00edm zam\u011bstnanci tvrdit, \u017ee si jej plat\u00ed, ale moc to nefunguje jako n\u00e1tlak na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka. Jako si plat\u00edte \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka v\u00a0Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161i, tak podobn\u00fdm d\u00edlem si plat\u00edte i \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka v\u00a0Chebu nebo Brn\u011b, i kdy\u017e po n\u011bm nic nechcete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Jak zvednout p\u0159\u00edjem obce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro p\u0159\u00edjem obc\u00ed z RUD je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm parametrem po\u010det obyvatel. Ten vych\u00e1z\u00ed z&nbsp;evidence obyvatel, tedy z&nbsp;\u010d\u00edsel \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu. Podle z\u00e1kona o evidenci obyvatel se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed osoby s&nbsp;trval\u00fdm pobytem v&nbsp;dan\u00e9 obci. Jak moc se to li\u0161\u00ed od skute\u010dnosti?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00a0Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161i bylo k\u00a01.1.2022 hl\u00e1\u0161eno 8571 obyvatel. M\u00e1me zde ale v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 chat, n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou ob\u00fdv\u00e1ny celoro\u010dn\u011b. Ale i v\u00a0bytech a domech \u017eij\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed v\u00a0na\u0161em m\u011bst\u011b trval\u00fd pobyt. Takov\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed infrastrukturu m\u011bsta, ale m\u011bsto k\u00a0nim nem\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem. S nads\u00e1zkou jsou to <em>\u010dern\u00ed pasa\u017e\u00e9\u0159i<\/em> m\u011bstsk\u00e9 infrastruktury. Akor\u00e1t nev\u00edme kolik jich je. P\u0159itom kdyby se n\u00e1m povedlo nap\u0159\u00edklad 1000 takov\u00fdch obyvatel oslovit a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, aby si v\u00a0Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161i z\u0159\u00eddili trval\u00fd pobyt, p\u0159ineslo by to m\u011bstsk\u00e9mu rozpo\u010dtu 15 milion\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. A za to u\u017e se d\u00e1 n\u011bco postavit&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00a0Praze se domluvili s mobiln\u00edmi oper\u00e1tory a spo\u010d\u00edtali podle p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch SIMek v\u0161echny. Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee to bylo o \u010dtvrt milionu v\u00edce lid\u00ed ne\u017e je po\u010det s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pobytem (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.praha.eu\/jnp\/cz\/o_meste\/magistrat\/tiskovy_servis\/tiskove_zpravy\/v_praze_dlouhodobe_zije_o_ctvrt_milionu.html\">v\u00edce zde<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na nedokonal\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed pen\u011bz obc\u00edm v\u00a0r\u00e1mci RUD v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pobytem upozornilo p\u0159es 200 starost\u016f v\u00a0prosinci lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku podpisem petice adresovan\u00e9 ministru vnitra (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.petice.com\/petice_pedstavitelm_statu_a_poslancm_stedoeskeho_kraje\">zde<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna trval\u00e9ho pobytu je administrativn\u011b snadn\u00fd \u00fakol. P\u0159ijdete na p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eku m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu, vypln\u00edte p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed l\u00edstek a dolo\u017e\u00edte vlastnictv\u00ed nemovitosti nebo souhlas vlastn\u00edka. Poplatek 50K\u010d, d\u011bti do 15ti let zdarma. Akor\u00e1t se pak mus\u00ed zm\u011bnit ob\u010danka (zdarma), velk\u00fd techni\u010d\u00e1k a postupn\u011b v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 smlouvy, kde se adresa a\/nebo ob\u010danka uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b navazuj\u00edc\u00ed administrativa je podle sd\u011blen\u00ed t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed si pobyt na Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161 necht\u011bj\u00ed zm\u011bnit, t\u00edm hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011bsta se sna\u017e\u00ed obyvatele k\u00a0trval\u00e9mu pobytu r\u016fzn\u011b l\u00e1kat. Obyvatel\u00e9 s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pobytem maj\u00ed p\u0159ednostn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na z\u00e1pis do \u0161kol \u010di \u0161kolek \u010di mohou hlasovat v\u00a0komun\u00e1ln\u00edch volb\u00e1ch (tohle moc nezab\u00edr\u00e1:). N\u011bkde jsou ale d\u00e1l: T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d nab\u00edz\u00ed t\u011bm, co si pobyt zm\u011bn\u00ed, rok ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy a vstup na pam\u00e1tky zdarma (<a href=\"https:\/\/nasregion.cz\/trebic-nabizi-jako-odmenu-za-trvaly-pobyt-bezplatnou-mhd-ci-volny-vstup-na-pamatky-251478\/\">zde<\/a>). V\u00a0Kun\u0161t\u00e1tu vypl\u00e1cej\u00ed 2000 K\u010d za osobu (<a href=\"https:\/\/blanensky.denik.cz\/zpravy_region\/v-kunstatu-nabizeji-dva-tisice-za-prihlasku-k-trvalemu-pobytu-20190809.html\">zde<\/a>). Ve Velk\u00e9m Oseku ti, co maj\u00ed trval\u00fd pobyt, maj\u00ed odpady zdarma, ostatn\u00ed za n\u011b plat\u00ed (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.velky-osek.cz\/obecni-urad\/formulare-a-poplatky\/poplatky\/\">zde<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co by ke zm\u011bn\u011b trval\u00e9ho pobytu p\u0159im\u011blo V\u00e1s?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f obc\u00ed je p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0vybran\u00fdch dan\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o tzv. Rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed dan\u00ed (RUD), stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1konem a vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou. V&nbsp;\u010cR m\u00e1me hromadu dan\u00ed, ale jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 pln\u00ed rozpo\u010dty obc\u00ed. St\u00e1t vyb\u00edr\u00e1 dan\u011b. Z&nbsp;t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se d\u00e1l rozd\u011bluj\u00ed na obce a kraje to bylo celkem 230 miliard K\u010d v&nbsp;r. 2020. Obc\u00edm z\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch dan\u00ed jde 25,84&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/?p=101\">Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Dan\u011b a smrt<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105,"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/revisions\/105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.starostistarosty.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}